Physical exercises as a means of adaptation of first-year students of higher educational institutions

This article discusses the psychological aspects of the process of adaptation of first-year students of universities, types of adaptation, factors influencing the process of adaptation. The adaptation of students includes their academic performance, emotional attitude and activity in the activities of the university. This is the process of interaction between students and the university environment. The adaptation of students not only directly affects their state of learning, but also the growth of their personality, the formation of their values and the development of their social mobility. The article notes that there are a number of factors that affect the process of adaptation of first-year students to learning, reducing the effectiveness of learning. There are also factors contributing to successful adaptation: psychological stability, motivation for learning, psychological well-being. The authors describe such an effective means of adaptation as a set of additional physical exercises in the process of adaptation. Such an additional program of physical exercises was implemented by first-year students of the Faculty of Engineering Systems and Environmental Construction of the Samara State Technical University. The results obtained confirmed the positive role of physical exercises in students' adaptation, as well as the influence of physical exercises on the social status of students.